In this section, we explain and help you understand the differences between
- life insurance, which includes term life and whole-of-life insurance, and
- accident and illness insurance, which includes income protection and dread
life insurance
The good news is that not everyone needs life insurance.
- If you have enough assets to provide you with an income without going to work, you don’t need life insurance.
- If you don’t have a partner or dependants and do not have any liabilities you don’t need life insurance. If however, you have debts and dependants, you need to work out what the financial effect would be if you or your partner were to die? Your answer will probably be that you need enough life insurance to:
- pay off your debts, and
- provide an income for your dependants.
Term life insurance is a very attractive type of life insurance policy that suits the needs of most households. It’s like your car or house insurance—you continue to pay the premium for the period and at the level of insurance you need. The policy lasts for the contracted period and has to be renewed or you are no longer insured. These periods are typically 5 years and 10 years.
Term life insurance provides the most competitive, easy to understand life insurance
that you can buy. Up to your mid-40s, term life insurance is not very expensive.
Compared to insuring your home or car, term life insurance up to age 45 - the time
when you are most likely to need it - does not cost a lot.
One feature you should make sure is included in your term life policy is a right to
renew the policy each year regardless of any change in your health.
The disadvantage of this type of cover is that during the period of the cover you could
contract some illness and be uninsurable, which would prevent you from obtaining
cover after the contracted term.
whole-of-life insurance
A whole-of-life insurance policy covers you for the rest of your life and cannot be
cancelled. However, the insurers can and do place what they refer to as a guarantee
period into the contract, which allows them to increase the premium you are paying or
reduce the cover for the same premium after the guarantee period. Typically, a
guarantee period could be for 10 years, which will provide you with the cover at the
contracted premium. After the guarantee period, the cover may reduce or the premium
increases for the same amount of cover, but the insurer cannot refuse to continue with
the cover irrespective of your medical condition.
This kind of insurance is an old style of life cover that generally combines both longterm
insurance and a savings scheme in the same contract. However, it is possible to
obtain whole life cover without a savings element.
As the amount of insurance you need changes as you go through life, it doesn’t make
sense to commit yourself to a deal where you can end up with insurance cover at a
time when you don’t need it. However, the key advantage of such cover is that you have
the cover in place in the event of you contracting an uninsurable illness.
If anyone tries to sell you a whole-of-life insurance policy, beware because the
commission paid on whole-of-life insurance contracts is usually very high and the deal
may be better for the person who is trying it to sell it than it is for you.
accident and illness insurance
Now we are going to look at the ways you can protect yourself from the awful financial
impact that would follow if the main income provider in your household had a serious
illness or accident and was out of work for several months or years.
Can you imagine the financial hardship you would experience if you were away from
work for several months after sick leave and accrued holidays had been used up and
you had no other source of income?
why life insurance isn’t enough
With modern medicine, the risk from a serious illness is not so much that you will die
but that you will survive and take months (if ever) to get back to work.
Even if you are covered for the medical costs of the illness, there are day-to-day
household costs such as your mortgage, phone, education, groceries and so on that
still have to be paid while you are not earning an income.
-------------------
With the combination of workers compensation and medical aid or health insurance,
the medical costs of accidents or serious illness are covered.
That leaves you with the task of deciding between income protection insurance or
dread disease insurance. You need to choose the insurance that you can afford and
that will cover your risks for a long period without your pay if you have a non-work
accident or serious illness.
income protection insurance
Income protection insurance can be structured to pay you a lump sum or to pay you
up to 75% of your current income if you are unable to work due to an accident or longterm
illness. Income protection insurance is also known as disability insurance.
Workers compensation only applies to work-related injuries. If you are unable to work
for other reasons such as a long-term illness (heart attack or stroke) or you are
seriously injured when not at work (working at home or playing sport), income
protection insurance will provide you with an income.
The good news is that, unlike normal life insurance policies, for this type of insurance
the premium paid is tax deductible if you make use of the income replacement option.
If you purchase a lump sum option, the premium is not tax deductible.
Premium rates for income protection insurance vary depending on your age, health,
occupation and the type of policy you buy. A good way to keep the premium down is to
agree to delay receipt of benefits for 90 days if ever you need to make a claim.
It is very important that you understand what is covered in any policy you look at. Low
cost policies may not be renewable and the benefits may be cut off after a couple of
years.
Income protection insurance also covers situations where through accident or illness
you are left permanently unable to work. Such an event is uncommon and is reported
to be something like 30 times less likely to occur than being off work for three months
due to illness or accident.
Before you start working out what you need there might be some good news. Income
protection insurance is sometimes provided or arranged for employees on a group
basis by their employer to ensure that employees who are forced to quit work by a
long-term accident or illness are not financially ruined. It’s worth checking with your
employer to see if they have, or can arrange, income protection insurance for you.
With income protection insurance it doesn’t pay to buy on price because you want a
policy that will keep paying you if you get really sick. Make sure you get a ‘guaranteed
renewable’ policy so that you can renew the policy even if your health deteriorates.
dread disease insurance
An alternative to income protection insurance is dread disease insurance, or as it is
sometimes called, ‘trauma’ insurance.
Dread disease insurance is set up to pay a lump sum payment in the event that you
have a very serious illness such as a heart attack or stroke, develop cancer, or various
other serious health problems.
Dread disease insurance can be bought on its own but is normally bought as an add-on
to a term life insurance policy.
how much dread disease insurance do you need?
Because it’s impossible to predict if, or how serious, an illness may be, it is common
practice to insure for the same amount of cover as you take for term life insurance. In
the term life example on page 9, we calculated that the total life insurance needed was
R2 850, 000 - so, in this example, the amount of dread disease insurance would also
be R2 850, 000.
Many households could not afford nor would they want both dread disease insurance
and income protection insurance so it becomes a choice. The trade-off you need to
make is between:
- the lower cost of dread disease insurance which only covers serious illness, or
- the higher (but possibly tax deductible) cost of income protection insurance which
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